What Insight Did Darwin Gain From Reading Thomas Malthus's Essay on Human Suffering?

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This activity contains xxx questions.

Darwin originally defined evolution every bit __________. ()

	the passing of acquired characteristics to offspring
	an private's ability to adapt to its environment
	descent with modification
	a way to allocate organisms based on morphological similarities
	None of the listed responses is correct.

Which of the following is a primal ascertainment that must be explained in a unifying theory about life? ()

	All living things require oxygen to survive.
	Many bones characteristics are shared by all living things.
	Evolution is based on descent with modification.
	Earth is very old.
	Organisms are rarely well-suited to their environments.

The scala naturae, or calibration of nature, is based on the ideas of __________. ()

	Darwin
	Lamarck
	Aristotle
	Linnaeus
	Lyell

At the time Darwin voyaged on HMS Beagle, the popularly accepted theory in Western culture that explained the origin of Earth's plants and animals held that the various species __________. ()

	arose continually from nonliving materials by spontaneous generation
	had been created past divine intervention a few thousand years before
	had evolved from now-extinct organisms
	arose from a single species that had survived the biblical alluvion
	are all related to one another

Carolus Linnaeus is considered to be the founder of __________, and he __________. ()

	paleontology ... believed in catastrophism
	uniformitarianism ... believed the aforementioned geologic forces are operating today that occurred in the by
	genetics ... described the mechanism for descent with modification
	development ... first proposed that caused characteristics are inherited
	the binomial classification system ... idea that resemblances amid different species reflected the pattern of their creation

The modern idea of extinction as a common occurrence in Earth'south history was beginning proposed in the early 19th century writings of __________. ()

	Cuvier
	Lamarck
	Aristotle
	Wallace
	Lyell

Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism __________. ()

	was rejected by Darwin in favor of catastrophism
	was compatible with the idea of Globe being only a few 1000 years sometime
	was similar to Lamarck's theory of inheritance of caused characteristics
	states that current geologic processes are very different from those that operated in the past
	strongly influenced Darwin's view of how living organisms could change over time

Which of the following is a true statement almost Charles Darwin? ()

	He was the first to discover that living things can change, or evolve.
	He based his theory on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	He worked out the principles of population genetics.
	He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
	He was the first to conclude that Globe is billions of years old.

At the time Charles Darwin sailed on HMS Beagle, __________. ()

	the idea that animals and plants might modify over fourth dimension was absent from Western science
	several biologists had proposed that species might change over time, but none had suggested a disarming machinery that might crusade the change
	the idea of evolution was widely accustomed because it could fit into the biblical story of creation
	the idea of evolution was widely accepted by scientists, simply Darwin'southward great bear upon was to popularize it for the layperson
	None of the listed responses is correct.

Because he was well aware of the issue his theory of development would take on the public and on the Church of England, Darwin delayed publishing his work for several decades while he gathered additional prove. After invoking selective breeding of domesticated species as bear witness that groups of organisms are capable of modify, he then proposed that natural populations can alter too. On which two lines of evidence did he base of operations this proposal? ()

	Individuals inside a population vary, yet island species around the globe all appear to exist related to each other.
	Organisms produce more offspring than can be supported past their environment, and adaptations to specific environments increment an organism'due south ability to survive and reproduce.
	Organisms within a population vary, and all populations produce more offspring than tin can be supported by the surround, resulting in competition for survival within the population.
	Some individuals go out more descendants than other individuals, but the individuals in a population are essentially identical to each other.
	Some individuals inside a population take greater success in survival and reproduction than others, and favorable traits within a population volition accumulate over generations.

During his voyage around the earth, Darwin was inspired to recall most evolution past __________. ()

	the works of others such as Lamarck
	fossils he collected
	studying adaptations of organisms to their environments
	the unique organisms he saw in the Galápagos Islands
	All of the listed responses are correct.

In Darwin'due south view of descent with modification __________. ()

	an organism's traits but affect its own survival
	natural selection can improve the match betwixt an organism and its environment
	individuals tin evolve
	ecology changes have no upshot on the organisms living in that environment
	natural selection only operates when an organism needs to evolve

What insight did Darwin proceeds from reading Thomas Malthus'southward essay on man suffering? ()

	Organisms have the capacity to produce more than offspring than the environment tin support.
	Natural selection should be capable of considerable modifications over hundreds of thousands of generations.
	Population size usually remains relatively stable.
	Favorable characteristics of a population accumulate over fourth dimension.
	All of the listed responses are right.

The breeding of plants and animals for particular traits by humans is chosen __________. ()

	natural option
	sexual recombination
	paleontology
	bogus selection
	homology

During periods of rapid environmental change, what may happen to a species that was well-suited to the former environs? ()

	The species may become extinct.
	Individuals with detail traits that provide an advantage in the new surroundings volition take higher reproductive success.
	The population may change then much in adapting to the new surround that information technology is considered a new species.
	Traits that were favorable in the original environment may be detrimental in the new surroundings.
	All of the listed responses are correct.

The smallest unit that can evolve is a(northward) __________. ()

	species
	genotype
	individual
	population
	morph

Which of the post-obit is an example of the process of development? ( and )

	the existence of homologous traits such equally the forelimbs of mammals
	the large number and diversity of species of marsupials in Australia
	the changes in organisms over time observed in the fossil record
	herbivory
	the observed match between organisms and their environments

According to the theory of evolution, anatomical and molecular homologies should __________. ()

	be completely independent of each other
	produce similar patterns of evolutionary relatedness
	yield very different hierarchical patterns
	link all of the species currently present on World
	be understood to have come about by run a risk alone

When they were first sold, aerosol insecticides were highly effective in killing flies and mosquitoes. Now, several decades later, a much smaller proportion of these insects die when sprayed. The reason fewer insects die when they are sprayed is that __________. ()

	mosquitoes that survive spraying develop an immunity to the insecticide
	many mosquitoes today are descendants of mosquitoes with insecticide-resistant characteristics
	mosquitoes are deliberately adapting themselves to this man-made change in the surround
	the original spraying has caused a permanent mutation, giving the insects genetic resistance to the spray
	None of the listed responses is correct.

A population of zooplankton is exposed to a small number of predatory fish that feed on the larger-sized (adult) zooplankton. Which of the post-obit predictions would most likely occur based on the principles of natural option? ()

	The predatory fish will evolve smaller mouths so that they do not drive their prey to extinction.
	The zooplankton will become sexually mature at larger sizes.
	The predatory fish volition evolve poor eyesight so every bit to preserve their food supply.
	The population will come up to contain adult zooplankton that accomplish sexual maturity when they are still relatively small.
	The kickoff and the third listed responses are both good predictions.

How did some strains of Staphylococcus aureus become resistant to antibiotic drugs? ()

	The drug did not work in the way that the developers intended.
	Patients did not take the drug every bit it was prescribed.
	The bacterium mutated in response to the drug.
	Some members of the bacteria population must have had a genetic variation that made them resistant to antibiotics, and these bacteria had greater reproductive success than sensitive individuals.
	None of the listed responses is correct.

Seemingly dissimilar organisms such equally hummingbirds, humans, and whales have similar skeletal structures. This most direct suggested to biologists that __________. ()

	but the best-adapted organisms tin survive
	advantageous changes tin be passed forth to offspring
	most evolution occurs rapidly following a mass extinction
	dissimilar organisms might accept evolved from a distant, mutual ancestor
	All of the listed responses are correct.

Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________. ()

	are headed for extinction
	evolved from the same ancestor
	have increased genetic multifariousness
	by gamble had similar mutations independently in the past
	are not related

On an evolutionary tree __________. ()

	organisms that are positioned close to each other are closely related
	homologous characteristics form a nested pattern
	scientists are sure of the correct placement and relationships of all organisms
	the concept of descent with modification is non well-represented
	None of the listed responses is correct.

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? ()

	Human being embryos and fish embryos both have pharyngeal pouches.
	Dolphins and sharks accept a similar streamlined body shape.
	Cats and bats have like skeletal configurations in their forelimbs.
	Both gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) and angiosperms (flowering plants) produce seeds.
	Blind cave fish possess remnants of eye structures nether their scales.

Vestigial organs are __________. ()

	evidence for Lamarck's theory of use and disuse
	remnants of structures that were useful to an organism's ancestors, but which are at present non-functional or show reduced office
	i piece of evidence that does not support the theory of evolution
	examples of anatomical imperfections such equally the human genu
	homologies that can only exist observed in embryos

All known organisms translate genetic information to produce protein molecules via the same genetic code. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that __________. ()

	there'due south only one possible way to encode information in a macromolecule
	the earliest macromolecules probably arose when lightning struck an oxygen-free temper
	all organisms are descended from a single common ancestor
	the genetic code will never be broken
	None of the listed responses is correct.

Evidence from molecular biology supports the theory of development past demonstrating that __________. ()

	homologous proteins have arisen independently in many different animal groups
	closely related animate being species take similar geographic distributions
	closely related organisms have more like DNA and proteins than more distantly related organisms
	closely related organisms have similar stages of development
	None of the listed responses is correct.

What did Darwin observe about species on islands? ()

	They are rarely owned.
	They are frequently closely related to species from similar ecological niches all over the world.
	They are often closely related to species from the nearest mainland or neighboring islands.
	Darwin only studied the Galápagos and, therefore, could not develop many insights about species on islands.
	None of the above is correct.

To describe evolution as a "scientific theory" means that __________. ()

	it is an untested thought
	it is not factual
	it is a matter of opinion
	it is a wide model that is supported by many observations and much experimental evidence
	it can exist considered dogma